First Secondary Learners Linguistics Needs

Possible Title Since there are various linguistic needs that students require to satisfy especially at early academic lives, the envisioned research could be based on a title that focuses on analyzing linguistic need of first secondary learners in general English Syllabus. However, it is evident that such different academic personnel such as teachers, head of departments, and administrators could have diverse perspectives concerning these needs. As a result, the envisioned research could seek to investigate on mentioned needs form students’ perspective.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on First Secondary Learners’ Linguistics Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Understanding linguistic needs of first secondary learners is one of the most fundamentally vital steps which are essential to developing a self-sustaining English curriculum. Whereas many authors have focused on such needs fro m teachers’ perspectives, it is essentially important to understand students’ perception towards their needs. In that regard, since the inquiry focuses on the students, it could provide a better solution than the latter bearing in mind that students are the main actors. This implies that they understand their challenges in a better manner than any other personnel who purports to identify and satisfy these needs. Background Rationale The four fundamental skills of linguistics in general English, which include speaking, learning, reading, and writing, form the basic foundation which determines the progress as well as ultimate success of a student. Additionally, acquisition of these skills at the preliminary levels of secondary school is the surest way of molding students’ proficiency in English. Otherwise, determining the needs of students who are at higher levels of the curriculum could not reflect a progressive development of linguistic proficiency. As a result, focusing on the first secondary students is a better option since the nurturing of students capabilities should start from the base. Literature Review There are various types of methods that are used in need analysis which include use of existent data, attitude survey, key informant and holding group sessions. When using existent data, researchers refer to previous reports that discuss preference of the community in order to determine what they could need. Attitude survey involves questioning selected population to identify their needs. The envisioned research will use this approach when seeking to identify the linguistic requirement of first secondary students. When using key informant, the researcher obtains information from a selected person who has interacted target population (Needs Assessment for continuing education activity 4). In group sessions, researchers hold group with the target gropus in order to identify what they require.Advertising Looking for proposal on edu cation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Need analysis has critical importance that underpins the appropriateness of its application in English and other fields of education. In this regard, it enables academicians to identify essential English skills that students require thus enabling them to instill necessary skills only (Needs Assessment for continuing education activity 4). Failure to conduct such analyses could lead to teaching skills that students do not require. This results to wastage of resources and time since the instilled skills are not correspondent to the student requirement. Additionally, avoiding need analysis could result to lack of proficiency in skills such as reading, writing and speaking English. In regard to the Saudi Arabian context, there should be a thorough need analysis on how various skills of learning English are instilled. Bearing in mind that English is not the native language in Saudi Arabia, analyzi ng the needs of students in regard to learning that language is essentially crucial. Importantly, there is a higher reluctance to acquisition of reading skills in English. This implies that analysis of reading needs should be conducted profoundly so as to attain effectiveness in learning the language (Teale, 702). Objectives of Envisioned Research To critically review the existing literature on the acquisition various linguistic skills which include writing, reading, speaking English. To collect data from first secondary students concerning their perceptions towards acquisition of the three skills. To analyze the collected data in order to draw relevant conclusions and make recommendations about improving proficiency in English. To create suggest the possible areas for future research incorporating issues that cannot be investigated currently. Research Questions What are the students’ perceptions concerning reasons as to why they should learn English and attain proficiency ? What academic value do students attach to attaining the skills of reading, writing, learning and speaking English? Given that the four skills have some sub-skills, what are students’ opinions regarding attainment of those sub-techniques? How do students perceive various challenges and difficulties they face when learning the four skills? What are the students’ opinions about how the current text book, known as Flying High for S.A Students Book, satisfies the four needs? Methodology and Data Collection Research Method The envisioned research will adopt a descriptive survey method in light of collecting data. This method will play a crucial role in ascertaining the respondents’ perspectives by answering questions posed by the researcher (Schram, 231). It will thus help in obtaining first hand information concerning the opinions of students towards their needs in learning English. As a result, using research survey increases validity, reliability, and credibilit y of research considering that information is obtained directly from sample population. Type of Data Since the survey will collect opinions on students’ needs, the collected data will be qualitative rather than quantitative data. This implies that the entire research study will adopt a qualitative approach in other areas such as analysis and representation. Participants Essentially, the target population includes the first secondary students taking English in the curriculum. However, the entire population will not be included in the research survey owing to limited resources and time. As a result, sampling will be conducted in order to select a part of the population which will take part. During sampling, participant will be selected using a method known as random purposive technique which incorporates both the aspect of randomization and purposeful selection. Randomization ensures that the researcher does not obtain some desirable results that fit personal preferences rather than depicting the true opinions (Stein and Monika, 270). On the other hand, purposefulness ensures that sample population has the relevant information about the research topic. This further increases the reliability and credibility of results which will be obtained in this research.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on First Secondary Learners’ Linguistics Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Questionnaires Since this research follows a descriptive survey, questionnaires will be used to pose questions to respondents. These questionnaires will include both open and closed questions which are arranged in logical order. Open questions ensure that respondents give expansive information on an inquiry while closed ones limits respondents when researcher needs straight forward answer (Schram, 202). Additionally, these questionnaires will be flexible to allow addition of more themes that could arise during data collection or removal of irrelevant questions. Analysis Each questionnaire will be analyzed separately so as to identify perception of each individual. This will ensure that opinions of every respondent are regarded as worthy inputs that can be used to make generalized conclusions. Additionally, analysis will be conducted alongside and after data collection. Simultaneous analysis and collection ensures that researcher can identify new themes that can be included in the questionnaires. On the other hand, post-collection analysis allows harmonization of analyzed data to make conclusions. Time Schedule Time Range Activity Week: 1-3 Detailed Literature Review Week: 3-7 Sampling of Population Week: 7-13 Data Collection Week: 13-17 Data Analysis Week: 17-21 Interpretation, Documentation and Reporting Works Cited â€Å"Needs Assessment for Continuing Education Activity.† Advances in Skin Wound Care 14.1 (2008): 4. Print. Schram, Thomas. Conceptualizing and Proposin g Qualitative research. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall, 2006. Print. Stein, Heide, and Monika Springer. â€Å"Comparison of Two Sampling Methods for Biomonitoring Using Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in the Dos Novillos River, Costa Rica.† Ecological Engineering 34.4 (2008): 267-275. Print. Teale, William. â€Å"Students Learning English and Literacy Instruction in Urban Schools.† The Reading Teacher 62.8 (2009): 699-703. Print.Advertising Looking for proposal on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This proposal on First Secondary Learners’ Linguistics Needs was written and submitted by user Terrell Huber to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

History of leisure services essays

History of leisure services essays Early 1900s- In the book they talk about the significant development of settlement house movement. During this period of time two of the most remarkable women started the most famous American Settlement House which was called the Chicagos Hull House. In 1912, as a result of these efforts a National Childrens Bureau was started. 1930s- In the article I found that in the 1930s the basic foundation of Americas current social welfare system was set during the New Deal era. The Great Depression was taking place so a New Deal system of social welfare aid was created. Within the system there were three principle programs: Old Age Pensions, Unemployment insurance, and Needs tested cash assistance. 1950s- In the book I found that the Russians successfully launched Sputnik, the first artificial Earth satellite in to orbit. The goal that they wanted to become of this was to identify young people who could be guided into studying mathematics and sciences in preparation for careers in the space program. The National Defense Education Act was a landmark in establishing vocational and school guidance programs. 1960s- In the article I found The United States emerged from the Second World War wait ha social welfare system which retained many of the features of the pre-New Deal era. The system remained characterized by Patchy Coverage, Limited Funding, and State, local government dominance, and educational salience. In the book it talked about how there was an increased emphasis on mental health care, proliferation of social service agencies, an ongoing shift to community based services, and a greater demand for more highly trained professionals. These things all played a major part in the emergence in the human services field. The National Institute of Mental Health received a grant that to support the proposal of to develop a h ...

Is todays technology having a positive or a negative impact on the Essay

Is todays technology having a positive or a negative impact on the live performing arts How should those arts respond to the changes being brought about by technology - Essay Example Recorded music, followed by radio, television, audios and CDs began to replace live performances and attracted audiences. But, there lies a paradox in this since even though the rise of technology led to a diversion of audiences from a more art based industry to a more commercialized form, even to this day people enjoy live performances. It is true that that rapid growth of technology has had both positive and negative impacts on the industry of performing arts. It is not really clear as to whether these impacts are absolutely good or absolutely bad for the industry. Most of the organizers in today’s times feel that technology is one of the biggest competitors of live art performers. In order to attract potential audiences for live shows, organizers need to compete with almost 3000-5000 both print and visual commercial marketing messages that a typical American citizen comes across every single day. It is hard for the live performing organizations to reach out to the vast expanse of the audience in the way technology based performances such as audios and CDs do. Today, people have become self-oriented and need privatization, customization and easy access to almost everything. Live performances do not meet such demands. Live performances are bound by number of performances, timing of performances, artists performance and even travelling to the set venue and parking. In contrast to this technology such as iTunes or YouTube and even the humble recorded music allows easy access to music and other art forms to everyone and the young generation especially is attracted to such commercialized forms which allows all types of flexibility to the audience (Cameron, 2011). This is perhaps where both accessibility, convenience and financial aspects come in. When the audience can freely enjoy performances through the television, internet or watch videos, whenever they want, at whatever location while paying almost a negligible amount for this. In

Question to answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Question to answer - Assignment Example The terms connectionless and connection-oriented describe different kinds of communication. Connection-oriented means that ‘when devices communicate, they perform handshaking to set up an end-to-end connection. The handshaking process may be as simple as synchronization such as in the transport layer protocol TCP, or as complex as negotiating communications parameters as with a modem. Connection-Oriented systems can only work in bi-directional communications environments. To negotiate a connection, both sides must be able to communicate. This will not work in a unidirectional environment. On the other hand, connectionless means that no effort is made to set up a dedicated end-to-end connection. Connectionless communication is achieved by transmitting information in one direction, from source to destination without checking to see if the destination is still there, or if it is prepared to receive the information. When there is little interference, and plenty of speed available, these systems work well. In environments where there is difficulty transmitting to the destination, information may have to be re-transmitted several times before the complete message is received. Walkie-talkies, or Citizens Band radios are good examples of connectionless communication. You converse into the mike, and the radio transmitter sends out your signal. If the person receiving you doesnt understand you, theres nothing his radio can do to correct things, the receiver must send you a message back to repeat your last message’(InetDaemon). 3. What are the four important steps to follow while programming sockets for communication? Hint: Use the code given on blackboard and check the flow of the code from top to bottom for helpful information on how sockets work. One, ‘we create an object of class TcpClient (namespace System.Net.Sockets0 to connect to the server. The connection is established by calling TcpClient method

Program Planning, Research, and Evaluation Essay

Program Planning, Research, and Evaluation - Essay Example Since the children cannot access most of the health check-ups and treatments due to lack of resources. This health promotion program will be developed in conjunction with Everett Community Health Partnership (ECHP). The mission of ECHP is to enhance health and the standard of life of the community of Everett. This is done by generating chances for the organizations, individuals, and families to work together and strategically in solving essential difficulties in the community (Cambridge Health Alliance, 2014). 3 The basic community health care assessment provides an evaluation of the general health status by the community members. However, this assessment has been difficult to be determined in the Everett, MA Public School System due to community violence. This research is important in establishing the effect of the persistent community violence on their (community members, that is, children) academic ability, substance use, as well as behavioral and emotional factors. This is because the African American girls are from an ethnic minority group that is prone to persistent community violence (Cooley-Strickland et al., 2009). 3 The city of Everett is in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, close to Boston. At the time of the United States Census in 2011, the total population estimate of the city was 41,079. The Everett, MA Public School is located at 100 Elm St, Everett, MA 02149 (Everett Public Schools, 2014). 4 However, MA Everett public school has a drop-out rate of 3.3%, which exceeds the state’s rate of 2.2%, but performs better than the state in regard to in-school suspensions with 1.4% as compared to 2.2% (Cambridge Health Alliance, 2014). The Everett High School graduation rate is 86.5%, which is in accordance with 85% state graduation rate (Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, 2014). Hospitalization as a result of mental disorder is high in Everett in all age groups (Cambridge Health Alliance, 2014). 5 The

STRATEGIC BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING OF NESTLE

STRATEGIC BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING OF NESTLE INTRODUCTION: Nestlà © was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestlà © and is today the worlds biggest food and beverage company. Sales at the end of 2005 were CHF 91 bn, with a net profit of CHF 8 bn. Nestlà © employ around 250,000 people from more than 70 countries and have factories or operations in almost every country in the world. The history of Nestlà © began in Switzerland in 1867 when Henri Nestlà ©, the pharmacist, launched his product Farine Lactà ©e Nestlà ©, a nutritious gruel for children. Henri used his surname, which means little nest, in both the company name and the logotype. The nest, which symbolizes security, family and nourishment, still plays a central role in Nestlà ©s profile. (Bountypat, 2008) Nestlà © has about 250 000  shareholders, none of whom individually own more than 3% of the shares. As of December 31, 2003, Swiss investors held the major part of the stock (42%) followed by US citizens (22%) and British (10%), French (8%), and German (5%) shareholders. Unfortunately, shareholder identities are not made public under Swiss law, but we do know that Liliane de Bettencourt, heiress to the LOrà ©al fortune and the richest woman in France, has a holding in Nestlà ©. Nestlà © and LOrà ©al have a close relationship dating back to a shareholder pact made in 1974. Nestlà © holds a 26.4% stake in the worlds largest cosmetics group and has right of first refusal over the Bettencourt familys 27.5 percents take for 10 years, but with no obligation to buy. Whilst it is unlikely that Nestlà © will take over LOrà ©al in the immediate future, it could well do so in a few years. It already has cosmeceutical joint ventures with LOreal through Galderma and Innà ©ov. Nestlà ©s vision of making good food central to enjoying a good healthy life for consumers everywhere. This implies gaining a deeper understanding in many areas of nutrition and food research and transforming the scientific advances into applications for the company. (Parakhiya, 2009) Having a broad vision the company is doing its best for their consumers to show the great sense of responsibility. Nestlà ©s aim is to meet the various needs of the consumer every day by marketing and selling food of a consistently high quality. The confidences that consumers have in our brands is a result of our companys many years of knowledge in marketing, research and development, as well as continuity -consumers relate to this and feel they can trust our products. Nestle mission is to strive to bring consumers foods that are safe, of high quality and provide optimal nutrient to meet physiological needs. Nestle helps provide selections for all individual taste and lifestyle preferences (Parakhiya, 2009) (http://www.scribd.com/doc/21544545/ Introduction-Nestle-Was-Founded-in- 1866-by-Henri-Nestle-And LITERATURE REVIEW Since Nestle began over 143 years ago, Nestlà ©s success with product innovations and business acquisitions has turned it into the largest Food Company in the world. As the years have passed, the Nestlà © family has grown to include chocolates, soups, coffee, cereals, frozen products, yoghurts, mineral water and other food products. Beginning in the 70s, Nestlà © has continued to expand its product portfolio to include pet foods, pharmaceutical products and cosmetics too. (Bountypat, 2008) Today, Nestlà © markets a great number of products, all with one thing in common: the high quality for which Nestlà © has become renowned throughout the world. The Companys strategy is guided by several fundamental principles. Nestlà ©s existing products grow through innovation and renovation while maintaining a balance in geographic activities and product lines. Long-term potential is never sacrificed for short-term performance. The Companys priority is to bring the best and most relevant products to people, wherever they are, whatever their needs, throughout their lives. Taste of Nestlà © in each of the countries where Nestlà © sell products. Nestlà © is based on the principle of decentralization, which means each country is responsible for the efficient running of its business including the recruitment of its staff. Thats not to say that every operating company can do as it wishes. Headquarters in Vevey sets the overall strategy and ensures that it is carried out. Its an approach that is best summed up as: centralize what you must, decentralize what you can. Nestlà © is a company which is present in all over the world but It has difference and unique motto to deal in all over the world. Nestlà © believes that they should think about their organizations globally but they deal with people by interacting with them locally. Thinking globally acting locally . ´ SWOT ANALYSIS OF NESTLE Strengths: Nestlà ©s has much strength. Their first is that they have a great CEO, Peter Brabeck. Brabeck emphasizes internal growth, meaning he wants to achieve higher volumes by renovating existing products, and innovating new products. His explanation of renovation is that to just keep pace in the industry, you need to change at least as fast as consumer expectations. (Novak, 2008) Parent support   Nestle India has a strong support from its parent company, which is the worlds largest processed food and beverage company, with a presence in almost every country. The company has access to the parents hugely successful global folio of products and brands. (Amit, 2005) Brand strength   In India, Nestle has some very strong brands like Nescafe, Maggi and Cerelac. These brands are almost generic to their product categories. (Headonist, 2009) Product innovation   The Company has been continuously introducing new products for its Indian patrons on a frequent basis, thus expanding its product offerings. (Headonist, 2009) His explanation of innovation is to maintain a leadership position, you also need to leapfrog, to move faster and go beyond what consumers will tell you. Brabeck has led Nestle into a position to better achieve the internal growth targets (Novak, 2008) Another strength that Nestle has is that they are low cost operators. This allows them to not only beat the competition by producing low cost products, but by also edging ahead with low operating costs. (Novak, 2008) Partnership with other large companies strategy that has been successful for Nestlà © involves striking strategic partnerships with other large companies. In the early 1990s, Nestlà © entered into an alliance with Coca Cola in ready-to-drink teas and coffees in order to benefit from Coca Colas worldwide bottling system and expertise in prepared beverages Acquire local companies -In Asia, Nestlà ©s strategy has been to acquire local companies in order to form a group of autonomous regional managers who know more about the culture of the local markets than Americans or Europeans. Nestlà ©s strong cash flow and comfortable debt-equity ratio leave it with ample muscle for takeovers. Recently, Nestlà © acquired Indofood, Indonesias largest noodle producer. Their focus will be primarily on expanding sales in the Indonesian market, and in time will look to export Indonesian food products to other countries. Relation with Farmers Acknowledging the impact of growing food demand and intensifying water scarcities in its future business, Nestle seeks to improve supplying farmers productivity environmental practices and water usage. The group network of 675 agronomist and 5000 extension workers offer free supporting and training assistance to 112,800 farmers in 21 countries. (Harkort, 2008) Weakness: 1. The main weakness of Nestle is that they were not as successful as they thought they would be in France. The launch in France was in 1994, but since the late 1980s, Danone had already entered the market with a health-based yogurt. (Nazir, 2009) 2. The second weakness is that LC-1 was positioned as too scientific, and consumers didnt quite understand that LC-1 was a food and not a drug (Nazir, 2009). 3. Exports   The companys exports stood at Rs 2,571 m at the end of 2003 (11% of revenues) and continue to grow at a decent pace. But a major portion of this comprises of Coffee (around 67% of the exports were that of Nescafe instant to Russia). This constitutes a big chunk of the total exports to a single location. Historically, Russia has been a very volatile market for Nestle, and its overall performance takes a hit often due to this factor. (Headonist, 2009) 4. Supply chain   The Company has a complex supply chain management and the main issue for Nestle India is traceability. The food industry requires high standards of hygiene, quality of edible inputs and personnel. The fragmented nature of the Indian market place complicates things more. (Headonist, 2009) 5. Nestle also has multiple critical resources. They have a great research and development team. James Gallagher and Andrea Pfeifer were the masterminds behind the research on the La-1 cultures in the LC-1 yogurt. They were also the two that decided on selling LC-1 as a functional food. This enabled Nestle to position the product in a way that differentiated it among the other products in the market. They also have four pillars that Brabeck, Nestlà ©s CEO has identified he believes will help their internal growth worldwide. These are operating excellence, innovation and renovation, product availability, and communication. (Nazir, 2009) OPPORTUNITIES-: Expansion   The Company has the potential to expand to smaller towns and other geographies. Existing markets are not fully tapped and the company can increase presence by penetrating further. With Indias demographic profile changing in favour of the consuming class, the per capita consumption of most FMCG products is likely to grow. Nestle will have the inherent advantage of this trend. (Headonist, 2009) Product offerings   The Company has the option to expand its product folio by introducing more brands which its parents are famed for like breakfast cereals, Smarties Chocolates, Carnation, etc. (Headonist, 2009) 3. Global hub   Since manufacturing of some products is cheaper in India than in other South East Asian countries, Nestle India could become an export hub for the parent in certain product categories (Headonist, 2009) 4. Nestle also has an opportunity of being even a larger market leader in Germany with LC-1. Within two years of launching the product in Germany, they had captured 60% of the market. This was due to the fact that they differentiated the product, and Germans simply preferred the taste. (Nazir, 2009) 4. Another opportunity of LC1 is that, because they are a market leader, they can introduce more health-based products in Germany. (Nazir, 2009) 5 As nestle has more then 9000 brands all over the world .they are increasing their products day by day. With very new changes, like now they are introducing Nestle LEMU Malta Threats: 1. A threat to Nestle is the fact that some markets they are entering are already mature. Danone had an established leadership position in the yogurt market in France. Since Danone was the first to arrive in the market, they have always been the market leader there. (Novak, 2008) 2. Also consumers in France liked the taste of LC-1, but researchers believe they did not repurchase the yogurt because they preferred the taste of DANONE products better. (Nazir, 2009) 3. Competition   The Company faces immense competition from the organised as well as the unorganised sectors. Off late, to liberalise its trade and investment policies to enable the country to better function in the globalised economy, the Indian Government has reduced the import duty of food segments thus intensifying the battle. (Headonist, 2009) .4. Changing consumer trends   Trend of increased consumer spends on consumer durables resulting in lower spending on FMCG products. In the past 2-3 years, the performance of the FMCG sector has been lack luster, despite the economy growing at a decent pace. Although, off late the situation has been improving, the dependence on monsoon is very high. (Headonist, 2009) 5. Sect oral woes   Rising prices of raw materials and fuels, and in turn, increasing packaging and manufacturing costs. But the companies may not be able to pass on the full burden of these onto the customers. (Headonist, 2009) 6. Another threat to Nestle is that there is intense competition in the United States yogurt market. General Mills Yoplait division is the leader in the yogurt market in the United States. Yop lait has been the leader for years and is constantly innovating new health products. (Nazir, 2009) 7. The main threat of Nestle these days is  the campaign led by the International Nestlà © Boycott Committee primarily targets Nescafe, the corporations flagship product. To boycott Nestlà © products until the company stops promoting its baby milk. (Novak, 2008) Another threat now a days is in nestle pure life. As its the leading brand and people prefer Nestle pure life but their may be a threat from Aquafina which is introduced by Pepsi Global competitors: Nestlà © towers over its competitors as the worlds largest food company, proudly proclaiming good food, good life Not so good is Nestlà ©s reputation for corporate abuse throughout its operations, ranging from the marketing of infant formula to the production of its chocolate and bottled water. Nestlà © has been the target of strong international criticism for its aggressive marketing of infant formula in countries with scarce potable water, leading to a reduction in breast feeding and increased risk for infants. Nestlà © is one of the top four water bottling companies in the world, contributing to the problem of plastic waste as well as the usurping of water that should remain a shared resource. (Raj, n.d.) Competitors Cadbury Schweppes Sara Lee -Campbell Soup Smithfield Foods Chiquita Brands Starbucks Coca-Cola Tyson Foods ConAgra Foods Unilever Danone -Vivendi Universal S.A. Dean Foods -Dole General Mills Hershey -H.J. Heinz Company Kellogg Kraft Foods McDonalds PepsiCo Procter Gamble Porters five forces analysis: Analysing the above from the porters framework As we can see above that the company is facing an intense competition in the market by its existing competitors all over the world and is facing a lot of problems because of this in terms of its market share and reputation like in the yoghurt market it is facing intense competition from DANONE along with this it is also facing the threat from substitute products like the Aquafina arising as the competitor of pure life. Hence analysing it from the porters framework we can state that nestle is facing an intense rate of competition from the existing competitors with a fear of losing the market share. CONCLUSION Nestlà ©s overarching principle is that each employee should have the opportunity to develop to the maximum of his or her potential. Nestlà © do this because they believe it pays off in the long run in their business results, and that sustainable long-term relationships with highly competent people and with the communities where they operate enhance their ability to make consistent profits. It is important to give people the opportunities for life-long learning as at Nestle that all employees are called upon to upgrade their skills in a fast-changing world. By offering opportunities to develop, they not only enrich themselves as a company, they also make themselves individually more autonomous, confident, and, in turn, more employable and open to new positions within the company. Enhancing this virtuous circle is the ultimate goal of their training efforts at many different levels through the thousands of training programs they run each year. Suggestions and recommendations: As Nestle is the best company all over the world but there is some recommendations and suggestions. 1. Their prices are little bit higher so they should low their prices to increase their Customers. 2. About 70 % people use their products why the rest dont use them they should conduct survey and concentrate on those facts why they are not using their products. 3. They should also improve their advertising. Their advertising doesnt pay long term effect in the mind of customers. 4. About 17% people are not satisfied from the taste of Nestle so nestle has to improve its taste. 5. Due to a great demand of nestle Milk now a days there is a shortage of nestle milk in shops sometimes they have to consider this aspect too. REFRENCES: Amit, 2005. My Dream Company Nestle. [Online] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/14155655/My-Dream-Company [Accessed 5 February 2011]. Anjaria, H.T.A.J., 2008. Distribution management. [Online] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/37532156/Distribution-Management-Nestle-Ppt [Accessed 06 February 2011]. Bountypat, 2008. Nestle History. [Online] Available at: http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Nestle-History/173749?read_essay [Accessed 03 February 2011]. Gerry Johnson, K.W., 2005. In Exploring Corporate Strategy. 7th ed. Prentice Hall. Harkort, F., 2008. In ood Business and the Global Water Challenge: Exploring the Link Between Food Business, Environmental Stakeholders, Farmers, and Water Resources. 2008th ed. Grin Verlag. Headonist, 2009. Nestle SWOT Analysis. [Online] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/16728461/Nestle [Accessed 02 February 2011]. Kumari, D., 2008. Strategic Management. [Online] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/deepakumari/nestle-sm-presentation [Accessed 29 January 2011]. Nazir, U., 2009. SWOT Of Nestle. [Online] Available at: http://mgmt280.blogspot.com/2009/11/swot-of-nestle.html [Accessed February 2011]. Novak, D.J., 2008. Nestle SWOT. [Online] Available at: http://marketingteacher.com/swot/nestle-swot.html [Accessed 4 February 2011]. Parakhiya, V., 2009. Nestle Stratigic Management. [Online] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/vparakhiya/nestle-2464286 [Accessed 3 February 2011]. Raj, L.P., n.d. Nestle. [Online] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/28910655/Nestle [Accessed 28 January 2011]. W, R., n.d. Nestle global Stregy. [Online] Available at: http://www.directessays.com/viewpaper/92539.html [Accessed 8 February 2011].

The Old Man and the Sea Essay -- Essays Papers

The Old Man and the Sea In The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway there are two characters who have a great friendship, the old man and the young boy. The old man has been fishing for many years and for the last eighty-four days has not caught a fish. Now the boy who looks up to him is not allowed to fish with him anymore. This boy looks up to the old man as a hero because the old man shows courage, perseverance, and respect. The old man shows courage just by going out all alone everyday and still fishing at his age. Although he showed the most courage when he had to fight the big fish. He could have let the fish go, by cutting the line, but instead the old man was willing to die trying to catch it. â€Å"He had seen many that weighed more than a thousand pounds... Now alone, and o...

Cultural Change and Change Management Essay

List some of the complexities of cultural change, and explain shy, in your opinion, change is so difficult to manage. Cultural change takes place in organization when the current culture is not in accordance with the goals and objectives o the company or is not fulfilling the changes that have taken place in the external and the internal environment of the organization. The cultural change usually involves a radical transformation of the policies and [procedures in the origination as well as changes to the values, beliefs and norms that exist between the different people related to the organization itself. In most cases when cultural change tales place it is a result of restructuring of the organization as well. The problems and complexities that are presented by the process of cultural change in the organization pertain to the immense task of defining a new culture for the people in the organization. Usually the old culture is instilled in the members of the organization, as they have gotten used to operating according to the rules, policies, procedures and norms dictated by the old culture, therefore when a cultural change has to take place, all the members have to be informed and briefed about the specific changes taking place. The problems in the process of cultural change take place when the cultural change meets resistance from the people in the organization itself. Other complexities of cultural change include defining the salient points of the old culture, establishing how the new culture is different form the old culture, devising programs through which the new culture can be taught to the people in the company and established as the norms in the organization. Additionally the strenuous process of cultural change and the time required form the cultural change to take place in an organization itself pose as complexities for the organization. Cultural change is often difficult and a very strenuous process as â€Å"organizational cultures are formed for a reason. Perhaps the current organizational culture matches the style and comfort zone of the company founder. Culture frequently echoes the prevailing management style. † (Heathfield, 2007) This as mentioned before is very difficult to change as people have to be taught all over again as to how top adjust to the new culture and what are the norms depicted by the new culture. Moreover the complex process of cultural change also has face brutal retribution from the hesitant and resisting parties who can openly initiate protests against the company. One thing that has to be kept in mind regarding the process of cultural change in organization is that cultural change is never possible in a top down flow form of the hierarchy in the organization. The cultural is supposed to be derived and specifically for the people of the organization. This means that culture has to rise for the bottom to the top of the organizational structural. In this manner most of the complexities listed can be avoided. 2. What happens when two companies merge? Does one culture dominates the other, or does a new culture emerge? Explain, and use examples. In most cases when two companies merge the two companies usually try to keep their organization cultures intact. However if the organization change that is taking place is the kind related to a merger then there is a high chance that despite the efforts of the organization to retain their corporate cultures, a new culture emerges. This new culture shares the same values with the previous culture in the organizations and provides for the beliefs and norms that are present in both the organizations. However in case of an acquisition where one company takes over the other company by acquiring large number of shares in it or outright the company, in such cases the cultural change that takes place pertain to adoption of the culture that is present in the dominant or acquiring organization. In this case the resistance against the cultural change is much intense and stronger as people are usually opposed to the culture of the acquiring organization. However the best policy that is suggested for managing cultural changes in organizations when a consolidation or a merger Is taking place is to develop and establish a new culture which is in accordance with the previous cultures in the organization and provides for the new organization structure as well by being cohesive in nature and adapted to the operations and the environment of the organization. An example of cultural change coming about as a change in the organization structure exists in the case of Swiss Re Americas Division. â€Å"The Swiss Re Americas Division provides a striking example of culture change and subsequent improved performance. In 2000, the division scored in the lowest percentile for each of the four culture traits, and was running at a loss. Following a series of substantial changes, by 2002 the organization had improved its strategic mission, level of adaptability, degree of involvement of its people, and its internal consistency. † (Denison, 2007) The company is now a highly profitable entity which has been operating in a smooth fashion due to is cultural change 3. Describe in your own words the `Flux and Transformation` metaphor presented by Schein. Under what condition does this work best? Why? The organization exists in a flux which can stir transformation. This metaphor states that the organization is a stable entity in an unstable environment. As a result the organization can be effected by the changes that take place in the environment in a dramatic manner. However it can also be argues that the environment is not a separate entity form the organization, but actually a part of the organization itself. This is derived form the fact that organizations are always operating and determining strategies which adapt to the changes that take place in the environment. In fact the environment established the sustainability of the organization. Schein used the metaphor of ‘Flux and Transformation’ in the case of Multicom to demonstrate how the organization theory. According to ‘Flux and Transformation’ Schein depicted that it is possible for comprehend the logic behind the change talking place in a company. Through the use of the metaphor the self image of the company can be said to derive the position it holds in the market and the understanding it forms of its environment. Schein was able to establish in his works that metaphor analysis can be used to identify the inherent culture in the organizations and the various components of the culture and the subcultures that need to change or can derive a change. Schien was also of the opinion that the results of the metaphor analysis could also be used to form perspectives for the organization change and the change in its culture. The flux and transition metaphor as a result suggests that it possible to influence change in an organization which can derive a transformation in the culture that exists in it. 4. When is culture change absolutely necessary for an organization? List at least three examples, and describe them. A change is in the cultural change is absolutely necessary when the culture is not in tune with the orientation of the company and poses a hindrance in the achievement for the long term strategic goals and objectives of the company. The cultural change that takes place however can be a result of various factors. One of which is cultural change through the existence of a subculture. It is possible for a string subculture to exist in an organization which can derive the change in the currently existing culture in the organization. In cases where the subculture is more relevant to the strategy of the company, then it is possible for the subculture to emerge in the organization as the main culture which can be adopted by the organization. The other reason as to why change can become absolutely necessary for the organization’s culture when a new technology is being adopted. The new technology adoption can bring about changes to the business activities and the way business operations can conducted in the business. This can affect the culture of the organization and the orientation of the organization, making it necessary to change the culture in order to correspond to the technology changes that are taking place in the organization. The third example where it can become necessary to change the culture of the organization is in the even of a merger, or a consolidation of the business the change in the business structure as well as the different business that are undertaken by the organization derive change for the culture in the organization. This is because the new organizations can bring their own cultures along with them and when the organization is working as a complete entity, it needs to form a cohesive organization culture which can cater to all aspects of the organizational and its different business divisions. References Denison, D. , (2007), Is Your Company’s Culture Helping Or Hindering – Diagnosing company culture to build high performance, retrieved November 23, 2007 form http://64. 233. 183. 104/search? q=cache:AEFEY-xIEDIJ:www. imd. ch/research/challenges/upload/Is_your_companys_culture_helping_or_hindering. pdf+%22example+of+culture+change%22+%22mergers%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&gl=pk Heathfield, S. M. , (2007), How to Change Your Culture: Organizational Culture Change, retrieved November 23, 2007 form http://humanresources. about. com/od/organizationalculture/a/culture_change. htm Morgan, G. , (2006), Images of Organization, Publisher: Sage Publications Inc, ISBN-10: 1412939798

Child Abuse And Poverty In Africa Social Work Essay Example

Child Abuse And Poverty In Africa Social Work Essay Example Child Abuse And Poverty In Africa Social Work Essay Child Abuse And Poverty In Africa Social Work Essay Child maltreatment may be common among African households who have voluntarily or forcefully immigrated to the UK due to grounds such as tribal wars, poorness and political convulsion in their state of beginning. Available research grounds tends to propose that black African kids in life in the UK are over-represented in the kid protection system. It is against this background of over-representation of black African households in the kid protection system, which has prompted research workers, writers, policy shapers and educationalist to set about a figure of surveies analyzing child maltreatment among African households populating in the UK, so as to understand and determine the causes of this unacceptable behavior and its effects on societal work pattern. Many recent research work show that civilization and faith are the most pertinent factors that influence and form the parenting accomplishments and behaviors of African households. This culturally-oriented attack of raising kids b y African households, though widely acceptable within the African community could be one of many grounds why many black African households are alleged to mistreat their kids, and doing societal workers to look into and even take these kids into local authorization attention. Bernard Gupta ( 2006 ) survey found that black African kids and households are more likely than white households to be drawn into the kid protection system on the footing of built-in differences in beliefs and child-rearing patterns. With the rise in multi-cultural influences on the lives of many black African households populating in the UK, it is peculiarly of import to switch focal point from culturally-centred behaviors onto poverty-centred behaviors. Where literature be, non many research work on kid maltreatment instances among African households populating in the UK have truly considered the lay waste toing consequence of poorness on parenting behaviors, which is a requirement for proper kid upbringing. Many African kids viewed under the Children Act 1989, may be classified as kids in demand as their parents struggle to supply them with equal child-care demands, and non seen to be intentionally doing injury to these kids. Poverty is strongly linked with studies of maltreatment and disregard and a important figure of black African households and kids live far below the poorness line. Arguably if societal workers develop a Fuller apprehension of the consequence of poorness on rearing behavior of African households, it may restrict many unneeded intercessions which draw black African kids into the kid protection system. African households populating in poorness are ever leery of societal workers who lack the apprehension of their values and their manner of raising kids and hence do negative opinion about their manner of rearing kids. This negative perceptual experience of societal work pattern by African households and kids populating in the UK strain evidences for misgiving and appreh ensiveness and do working with such households a major challenge for societal workers. Therefore the poorness position of African households populating in the UK is an of import factor to be considered by societal workers working on kid maltreatment instances with African households. As explained by Bernard Gupta ( 2006 ) , black African kids and their households are more likely than white households to be subjected to unneeded societal work intercessions and hence are over-represented on the kid protection registry under the class of hapless parenting behavior. However, black African households are besides under-represented in having preventive supports such as lodging demands, fiscal benefits that is required to turn to any household demands and better kids public assistance. For many old ages societal work intercessions with black African households and kids alleged of kid maltreatment instances have been a controversial subject. On the contrary Singh ( 2006 ) maintains the position that African households and their entrenched cultural and societal perceptual experiences of rearing behavior is hard to understand in the context of modern-day societal work pattern and hence societal workers may step in unnecessarily in such households. The possible effects of this misinterpretation among societal workers working with black African households could take to unneeded probe of these households under the kid protection system and finally the kids may be admitted to local authorization attention. Sometimes societal workers may waver to do intercession into child maltreatment instances with black African households due to hapless apprehension of whether certain parenting behaviors are truly an maltreatment or non ( Bernard Gupta, 2006 ) . This misconception may ensue into inappropriate or no intercession by societal workers working with black kids who are at hazard of important injury, and kids may go on to be harmed or even decease. This has been highlighted by the tragic deceases of two African kids: Victoria Climbi A ; eacute ; ( Laming, 2003 ) and the immature male child known as Adam, whose trunk was found drifting in the River Thames ( Sale, 2005 ) . Bernard Gupta ( 2006 ) found in their research work that bulk of black African households who are populating in the UK as a consequence of war, poorness, and tribal lawlessnesss in their place states have trouble non merely how to accommodate to the western civilization they find themselves but how they may be viewed by societal workers involved in kid attention. Most societal work professionals working with black African households tend non to appreciate the poorness background of such households and would experience justified to do negative opinions ensuing into misgiving and detachment from both parties. Although the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families ( Department of Health, 2000 ) places a demand on societal workers to see households backgrounds and cultural positions when covering with instances of kid maltreatment. The issue of poorness among many black African households populating in the UK is a ambitious issue for many societal work professionals responsible for safeguarding and protecting vulnerable kids from maltreatment, as it impact how parents raise their kids. Furthermore, as explained by Korbin ( 2004 ) , troubles in societal work intercession in kid maltreatment instances may originate, because the procedures involved in kid abuse appraisal may be complex and parental behaviors may non be the same in different civilizations and socio-economic scenes. In position of this perceptual experience, Platt ( 2005 ) states that child maltreatment within cultural minority, which include Africans, can put on the line pigeonholing this cultural minority as deficient, therefore furthering pathological point of view of African household relationships . This raises the inquiry of what type of societal work intercession demand to be deployed by societal workers working with black African households populating in economic poorness so that vulnerable kids are to the full protected, and non merely pulling these kids into the kid protection system. This professional quandary among societal workers possess a major challenge and hence, calls for a new position in footings of accomplishments, cognition, preparation and conceptual tools to assist separate between the manners of rearing inherent in African households populating in poorness which is non needfully harmful to the kids, but at the same clip safeguarding and protecting kids from rearing beha viors that put kids at important hazard. The thesis built its theoretical model on societal work theory, policy and pattern and uses cardinal conceptual model from the socio-contextual attacks to intercession. The chief accent of this thesis looks at the available literature on black African households involved in the kid protection system, concentrating on specific poverty-related parenting patterns that give rise to issues of kid maltreatment. The methodological analysis for this work was chiefly qualitative and the available literature has been obtained from primary and secondary beginnings. The thesis touches on assorted issues sing how societal work professionals need to comprehend and manage kid abuse instances among black African households, who are populating in poorness and therefore to supply appropriate intercessions that would assist these households provide equal child-care to their kids. The first chapter provides literature on black African kids and the kid protection system. Chapter two provides a treatment on the increased complexness of societal work intercession in kid maltreatment instances affecting black African households populating in poorness. It continues to analyze how poorness could cultivate a peculiar parenting behaviors that impact on the quality of kids upbringing which, could be pulling black African kids populating in the UK into the kid protection sphere. Then chapter three draws on statute laws and policies modulating societal work patterns in the UK. It besides examines modern-day societal work pattern in kid maltreatment instances among African households. Chapter four critical analyse the assorted methods of intercessions available to societal workers when working with black African households. Finally chapter five discusses the deductions of societal work intercession made by societal work professionals among African households populating in poorness. Chapter ONE Black AFRICAN CHILDREN AND CHILD PROTECTION SYSTEMS 1.1 The prevalence of Black kids on kid protection systems Many kids are drawn into kid protection system for many different grounds. Majority of kids goes through distressing and damaging experiences, which may include physical, emotional, sexual maltreatment and disregard. Some kids come under the kid protection system as their households are hapless and could non look after them decently. Sing the kid protection system and black African households, Bernard Gupta ( 2006 ) have critically analysed the grounds on the disproportional representation of black African households on the kid protection registry. A research by Gibbon et Al ( 1995 ) shows that black African households are over represented than white households in the kid protection system on the footing of physical maltreatment of kids. Brophy et Al ( 2003 ) survey expressed a contrary position, that the proportion of minority cultural households represented on the kid protection registry shows that many involved several allegations about parental behavior. A similar research conducted by Gibbons Wilding ( 1995 ) found out that referrals made by societal workers of black African kids onto the kid protection registry was due to unequal supervising of kids by their parents who have taken employment to enable them run into any fiscal duties and to supply equal child-care for their kids. Therefore, Chand ( 2000 ) commented that different child-rearing methods used in different civilizations mean that as an foreigner, understanding what is the norm and what is aberrant is debatable and seeking to separate the hazards in one household from the another, societal workers may fall back on moral opinions ( p.72 ) The important factor is the challenges societal workers encounter when measuring and doing determinations about African kids and households who lives in chronic poorness compared to the bulk of the population life above the poorness line. Social workers need to see these households fiscal backgrounds and their cultural individuality, which determines manner of rearing patterns that are paramount in proper kid upbringing. However, some African households hide under the umbrella of poorness and societal exclusion to bring down physical and emotional injury on their kids. If societal workers understand the causes of parental behavioral forms of African households, it is obvious that such households would non be unneeded intervened and where necessary kids would be adequately safeguarded and protected from injury. The challenges societal work practicians experience when developing assessment procedures as defined in Climbie Inquiry ( Laming, 2003 ) is important to the safety and protection of black kids whose households have immigrated into the UK. Sometimes societal workers may be stereotype as racialist and ethnocentric, as they do non factor poverty-related parental behavior of African households in the appraisal procedure, and this strain misgiving among the societal workers and the households taking to many African households non decently investigated of kid maltreatment ( Chand, 2000 ) . It is clear from Alibhai-Brown ( 2005 ) survey that societal workers need non be subconsciously hysteria to follow inaccurate and capturing media coverage of alleged kid maltreatment within African communities. Under the Government s Every Child Matters policy, societal workers first precedence is to guarantee kids live with their households if it is best to make so, but what is the usual tendency, kids are normally removed from their hapless parents and given to rich households because they can non afford to efficaciously provide for the kid demands. However, parents have the ultimate right to convey up their ain kids unless they fail in their parenting responsibilities to supply equal attention for their kids and as a consequence doing important injury to them. Most African parents do non intentionally harm their kids but poorness creates all kinds of jobs for these households such as parents enduring from depression, emphasis, and seeking to get by with public force per unit area makes households fall abruptly of what is expected of them as parents. Despite the above averment, it is the duty of the societal services or local governments to make the enabling environment for the proviso of public assistance demands to households so that these households can supply appropriate attention for kids. Following Baby P study kids s services watchdog, Ofsted, reported that a reappraisal of 173 serious instances in April 2009, found that societal workers and other bureaus, failed to move fleetly to set kids enduring from physical and neglect maltreatment onto the kid protection registry. Ofsted besides identified certain hapless societal work patterns such as the failure of societal services workers to place and describe marks of maltreatment, hapless recording and communicating, and limited cognition and application of basic policies and processs. However, recent publication in the The Times ( 2009 ) sees Local Government Association knocking ofsted for feeding peoples frights and excessively concerned with protecting its repute and concentrating on processs and processes instead than the public assistance of kids ( p.15 ) . Harmonizing to the Department for Education and Skills ( 2006b ) statistical informations a important proportion of black African kids are on the kid protection registry. A figure of surveies tend to back up the position that households of these kids lives in poorness and battle to raise their kids to the criterion set up by authorities statute law. However, this available information creates a confusing image about the representation of black African households in relation to the grounds of poverty-related parental behavior which in ways tend to propose a similar form of black African over-representation on the kid protection registry. Therefore it is hard to state whether societal services are run intoing the docket set up by the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families ( Department of Health, 2000 ) which places on societal workers the duty to see households backgrounds and cultural positions when covering with instances of kid maltreatment. All these research workers perchance link this over-representation of black African kids on the kid protection registry to little or hapless apprehension of socio-economic backgrounds of these households populating in the UK. Thoburn et Al. s ( 2005 ) reappraisal of the nature and results of kid public assistance services for black kids concluded that African kids are about twice every bit likely to be looked after than the white bulk kids in the population as a whole, which so suggest, that some of these kids will be accommodated under subdivision 20 of the 1989 Children Act, by virtuousness of being raised by households populating in poorness. Arguably, there are a figure of contributory factors which could be perceived as of import in understanding the engagement of black African households with societal work bureaus and the attendant over-representation of their kids in the kid protection system. Broadly talking poorness and hapless parental patterns are linked to child maltreatment and disregard by households who are responsible for looking after these kids. Therefore the poorness experienced by many African households and kids may be resolved through a more preventive public assistance services inst ead than child protection services. 1.2 The authorities statute laws and policies The most relevant statute law in the UK that aims to protect kids from maltreatment and injury is the Children Act ( 1989 ) , of which Section 47 expects local governments to do questions into instances where they have sensible cause to surmise that a kid is enduring or likely to endure important injury and Section 17 makes proviso for a kid to be assessed with a position to the proviso of services to kids in demand. Therefore there are two unequivocal aims of the Children Act ( 1989 ) , the kid protection focal point and the kid public assistance focal point. This statute law is capable to how local governments interpret kid maltreatment, so that in the class of their responsibilities determinations taken are unfastened and consistent without any failures. However, many black African kids referred to societal services under the kid protection system may non needfully be enduring from any injury or disregard in position of their poorness fortunes ( Chand, 2000 ) . Harmonizing to Plat t ( 2005 ) , the Audit Commission proposal to switch from the popular investigational work usage by societal workers to a household support services, was due to legion weaknesss identified by many other authorities organic structures. This air current of alteration for societal work pattern was accepted by the Department of Health, after analyzing a research happening which was summarised in the publication, Child Protection: Messages from Research ( Department of Health, 1995 ) . On the contrary position, Parton ( 1996 ) criticized the recommendations of Messages from Research because they ignored the basic socio-economic world for many households. From Platt ( 2005 ) position point it is arguable that the kid protection system was pulling excessively many instances unsuitably on the kid protection registry. It is obvious from available informations, the kid protection system seemed to accomplish every bit much as could be expected in footings of forestalling uninterrupted maltreatment of vulnerable kids. However, the aims set out by Section 47 of Children Act 1989, have instead a devastating and disunion consequence on households and in many cases create uncertainness for black African kids and households. It s hence expected of societal work professionals to develop the several accomplishments and cognition to distinguish between proper child-rearing patterns and improper behavior that flaunt acceptable norms and values in the black African community. The Department of Health ( 1995 ) emphasises that societal work professionals need to trust on assorted steps since kid maltreatment is non an absolute construct and most household behaviors have to be seen in context before determinations of maltreatment are made ( Chand 2000, p. 70 ) . Although child protection societal workers in the UK are trained to follow the official counsel as set out in the DOH ( 1988 ) Protecting Children: A usher for Social Workers set abouting a Comprehensive Appraisal, this usher has some restrictions when used on black African households. Against this background, the quality of societal work appraisal and, therefore intercession procedure used by societal workers seem to pigeonhole black African households as the indexs of kid maltreatment. The cardinal quandary confronting societal work today is the mode and extent to which they should prosecute in societal public assistance policy instead than in intercession processs and procedures, and more so to ai rt its attempts chiefly to the hapless and destitute in society ( Karger and Hernandez, 2004 ) . From the 1990s there have been proactive and sustained attempt on behalf of the UK authorities to develop and advance statute law and policies, which challenge the influence of a kid protection civilization on direction and societal work pattern, which notably are perceived as falsifying the balance of service proviso to kids and households ( Spratt Callan, ) . On the contrary, Pringle ( 1998 ) commented that household support schemes may concentrate on the generalisation of responses compared with kid protection processs that target existent nature of the alleged maltreatment. Cleaver and Walker ( 2004 ) realised in their research, that the execution of this switch from kid protection to child public assistance services by societal work bureaus can hold negative and hard impact on the authorities Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families. In recent past the authorities has seen a singular decrease in the figure of kids drawn into the kid protection system w hich commends local governments attempt to accomplish public presentation marks. Spratt and Callan ( 2004 ) criticized the decreases in figure of kids on the kid protection registry, as been achieved mostly due to modern administration and steps to advance conformity with public presentation marks. Although these accomplishments are commendable, it merely serves to befog implicit in tensenesss in the relationship between the province and the household ( Platt, 2005 ) . Harmonizing to Spratt Callan ( 2004 ) , the UK authorities in recent times have re-emphasised the primary responsibilities of local governments within the footings of the 1989 Children Act to concentrate more on safeguarding kids by proviso of kids demands. The Department of Health estimations four million kids populating in England are vulnerable to harm or pretermit, due to their households populating far below the poorness line, yet merely 300-400,000 of these kids are known to societal services at any given clip ( DoH 2001, p. 23-24 ) . In their survey of households whose kids were at hazard of enduring emotional maltreatment and disregard, Thoburn et Al. ( 2000 ) found that in 98 per cent of such instances the households were characterized by populating in state of affairss of utmost poorness. Given the strong correlativity between poorness and the demand for proviso of public services ( Department of Health, 2000 ) it is obvious that societal services in the UK merely help a li ttle proportion of vulnerable kids who become members of that subdivision, kids in demand as a effect of their contact with societal workers. This would propose that a more effectual manner of assisting vulnerable kids, peculiarly black African kids would be through the authorities increasing resources to local governments, increasing the figure of societal workers and reshaping the societal security system instead than extremely selective and meager proviso of services through local authorization societal work sections ( Parton 1997, P. ) . Social workers can be been seen as a force for conformance and are often criticized for moving more in the involvements of the Government so as to run into marks than in the involvements of clients who need help from them. Therefore the theoretical account or attack societal workers may follow in position of all the authorities statute laws and policies, when working with black African kids and households populating in utmost poorness will find whether a household receives a kid protection service or kid public assistance service.

Free Essays on Modern Working Mother

Working Mothers Many women today are facing choices that their mothers never had to face. One of these choices is whether or not to go back to work after having a child. This was practically unheard of in the 1950's. In the 1990's it is not whether the mother will or will not go back to work, rather a question of when. When did the choice become set in stone? Why do the mothers of today have to work outside the home versus working in the home, much like their mothers did. When one thinks of the subject of working mothers, many differing opinions come to mind. What will happen to the child, will the mother have sufficient time to bond with the baby, how will household chores be divided, and so on. When thinking of working women, two models come to mind. One of which is paid employment that has a protective and beneficial mediating effect. Employment protects women against certain negative aspects of being full-time homemakers and mothers, such as monotonous housework, dependence on the male partner for financial and emotional support, increases self-esteem because they are contributing to the world they live in. These women receive a renewed interest in life because they are in the thick of it. They are living life to the fullest. This model is the one that is constantly referred to as â€Å"bad† because it paints the woman as someone who does not really care about the effect of working will have on the baby. In fact, most of these mothers have made this choice with painstaking care. They are constantly feeling what e veryone is thinking, and this in turn causes undue stress on these mothers. The other model working mothers. This model is one of a woman having too many demands of her housewife, mother and paid employee - which may lead to role strain due to fatigue and role overload. The competing demands of such roles may also lead to conflict and psychological stress. Both of these models can be seen in the working mo... Free Essays on Modern Working Mother Free Essays on Modern Working Mother Working Mothers Many women today are facing choices that their mothers never had to face. One of these choices is whether or not to go back to work after having a child. This was practically unheard of in the 1950's. In the 1990's it is not whether the mother will or will not go back to work, rather a question of when. When did the choice become set in stone? Why do the mothers of today have to work outside the home versus working in the home, much like their mothers did. When one thinks of the subject of working mothers, many differing opinions come to mind. What will happen to the child, will the mother have sufficient time to bond with the baby, how will household chores be divided, and so on. When thinking of working women, two models come to mind. One of which is paid employment that has a protective and beneficial mediating effect. Employment protects women against certain negative aspects of being full-time homemakers and mothers, such as monotonous housework, dependence on the male partner for financial and emotional support, increases self-esteem because they are contributing to the world they live in. These women receive a renewed interest in life because they are in the thick of it. They are living life to the fullest. This model is the one that is constantly referred to as â€Å"bad† because it paints the woman as someone who does not really care about the effect of working will have on the baby. In fact, most of these mothers have made this choice with painstaking care. They are constantly feeling what e veryone is thinking, and this in turn causes undue stress on these mothers. The other model working mothers. This model is one of a woman having too many demands of her housewife, mother and paid employee - which may lead to role strain due to fatigue and role overload. The competing demands of such roles may also lead to conflict and psychological stress. Both of these models can be seen in the working mo...

Analysis of Social Software Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analysis of Social Software - Literature review Example Normally, social software entails unrestricted and deliberate members, who also receive reputations and confidence among themselves. Additionally, it is worthwhile noting that, commonly, members with common interests, goals, mindsets, tendencies, factions or associations create continual and lasting relationships. However, it is significant noting that, businesses did not merely adapt their online strategies to take account of the web’s ‘social’ aspects. Significantly, the stiff competition in businesses necessitated the adoption of online strategies in order to promote their brand online. Consequently, any business, whether little or huge, desires to initiate developing a strategy for Internet marketing just to withstand the stiff competition.   Considerably, it is hard, sufficient to advertise solely in the print media like newspapers, as well as yellow pages since quite forthrightly; the above two are turning into an â€Å"old-school† because myriad pe ople utilize the Internet to examine businesses prior to purchasing their respective products or commodities. Concisely, if a small business fails to embrace any form of an online strategy, it really misses out.   Significantly, small business proprietors may depend rigorously on the neighborhood or regional populace as its objective market and therefore question how a worldwide Internet marketplace can be of assistance to the business. Considerably, the reply is easy, overall the neighborhood internet searches conducted, eight over 10 projections will enquire or tour a store and six over 10 will make purchases.   This is significant because of the geo-targeting potentials of Internet hunt engines like Google.   It is worthwhile noting that social software entails online payments. Research by scholars such as Breslin has indicated that accepting online payments is never a simple matter for numerous businesses (Breslin 76). Considerably, before a business  person decides whet her to adopt online payments, he must examine several considerations. For instance, he must consider his location. If the business’s locations are in the USA, the proprietor has several options. However, if the business locations are in Canada, the proprietor has limited options. Nonetheless, in the other parts in of the world, it is sadly noting that a business proprietor has very limited options. Additionally, if the business is outside the USA or Canada, it is not recommendable for businesses to use online payments such as PayPal. Secondly, before adopting an online payment a business must consider whether it has a merchant account.  Ã‚  

Too much Contemporary Airline Advertising is Dishonest, Boring, Essay

Too much Contemporary Airline Advertising is Dishonest, Boring, Stereotyped and Sexiest - Essay Example The medium of advertising is made use by the companies in order to form a way of communication with the intended consumer groups regarding their respective brand names, services offered along with keeping them updated about the latest offers and changes (Goel, 2009). The different mediums of advertising facilitate the firms to keep up the channel of communication with regard to the consumers competently as well as promptly as and when required. Therefore, it could be well comprehended that advertising is considered to be vital to ensure the effectual operations of the markets with regard to the competitive industries. Advertising is also regarded as a chief way with the help of which the consumers are kept informed regarding the fresh or enhanced products as well as services (Tellis, 2004). The profits of the airlines or rather the complete industry is believed to be intensely associated with the effectiveness of the advertisements (Goel, 2009). Advantages & Disadvantages of Print Advertising for Airlines Importance of Advertising The principal objective with regard to the concept and use of advertising is not just to bring in changes in the curve of demand but it also needs to move it upwards indicating a rise in the demand for the intended product or service. It can also be stated in this context that with regard to the airlines industry on the whole, advertising is required for the reason of luring consumers towards availing the intended services who or else would not avail the service. The factor of advertising would also help in making certain of availing the services related to the airlines industry more regularly or even increasingly severely in longer periods. In case of a particular airline in such an intense competitive market, an augmentation in relation to its requirement for services might also accumulate from a transfer of passengers or consumers away from their respective competitors in the industry (Kraft, 1965). The consequence related to competitive advertising might even tend to direct towards a need that all the existing airlines companies with regard to its operating market make use of the advertisements simply for the reason of holding on to their respective share. These kinds of advertisements which are developed devoid of the intention of giving rise to a fresh requirement in suitable amounts are considered as economic waste. The majority of the advertisements with regard to the airlines companies chiefly focuses or attempts in offering the possible traveller with definite information regarding rescheduling and especially about the nature of prices related to the services offered (Kraft, 1965). Therefore, it implies that m ost of the information regarding the services offered by the airlines is provided to the consumers with the help of advertisements. It becomes essential to mention in this context that the airline companies thus, requires offering the accurate information to the consumers and keeping away from making attempts to mislead the consumers wit