Concept analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Concept analysis - Research Paper Example In the field of nursing, a number of variations of Wilson’s model of concept analysis are adopted to explain concepts. Wilson’s model of concept analysis is an 11-step approach to permit its users to gain a relative degree of clarity in thinking and perception and to cogently express a concept which may prove to be tricky. The technique is of great usefulness when it is employed to analyse a concept which may have multiple meanings. Wilson’s technique is followed to get to the root of the problem and the solution is reached when the results of the concept analysis can be displayed in language (Thompson, 2005). This paper will attempt to carry out a critical analysis of a problematic concept in literature. For this purpose, an empirical research article will be selected from a scientific journal and two major concepts in it will be identified. Then one of the major concepts will be analyzed using the 11-step technique proposed by Wilson. The article chosen for con cept analysis is an empirical research article written by McCabe, Ricciardelli and Banfield (2009). The article, titled ‘Depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning in preadolescent children’, was retrieved from Depression Research and Treatment. The aim of the study was to find out the fraction of children who are at-risk of depression or clinically depressed and to see what effects depression has on them. The authors selected a group of 510 children (270 boys 240 girls) and inspected them for signs of depression. The authors focus on a specific set of variables to find out their relation. There are two major concepts used in the paper. These are depression and at risk. In order to carry out a concept analysis, the concept is thoroughly examined and its meaning probed from a variety of sources. This paper will discuss the concept of depression and analyze it critically. The aim of the concept analysis will be to come to a clear and concise meaning for depression a nd its use in routine life. The word depression does not have a clear definition and people have differing views regarding it. The expression and perception of depression is influenced by a number of factors such as culture, context, social gatherings etc. According to Wilson, the first step in the process of concept analysis is the identification and isolation of the questions relating to the concept. These questions can be grouped into three main categories: facts, values and meanings. When analyzing depression, various questions regarding its nature and meaning arise. For example how is depression defined? What are the signs and symptoms of depression? Is depression different than unhappiness? Should depression of every kind be treated? According to Wilson, factual questions regarding the concept should be tackled by focusing on the existing literature. Questions relating to value and encompassing ‘shoulds’ are to be answered by considering the perception of influent ial figures or the society. The third set of questions is those concerned with meaning and is best dealt with when the questions are analyzed in the context of the concept behind them (Meleis, 2007). Having formulated the questions, the next step in Wilson’s technique of concept analysis is to identify the correct answers to the questions and discuss the important elements in them (Meleis, 2007). Depression has various uses depending on the context it is used. For example it is used in medicine to define a

Work life Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Work life - Research Paper Example On the other hand, an organization is capable of attracting and retaining new employees due to this attractive policy. According to Harris (2007, p.33), many organizations are interested in retaining productive employees; therefore, they offer various programs that allow them balance between their work life and their families. In addition, such organizations feel that work life initiatives foster employees’ commitment thus enhancing productivity. However, the challenge with the work life programs such as flextime is ensuring that employees use their freedom responsibly. Therefore, supervision and training programs are necessary in ensuring flextime is well managed. Harris (2007, p.34) insists on the importance of work-life initiatives both on the employees and on company, however, he opposes on strict supervision that companies apply on the employees under such programs. He emphasizes on applying listening skills while dealing with employees, and giving them control over their flextime; this strategy improves the employees’ accountability. Nevertheless, for work-life initiatives to be effective, they should work for both the employers and the employees. Harris adds that flexibility amounts to accountability, especially in modern organizations, while flextime programs enhance loyalty in employees, as well as job satisfaction. IBM is one such company that has introduced the flextime program; the company attests to the effectiveness of flextime as one of the reasons why it manages to retain its employees (Harris, 2007, p.36). Flextime is most valued by working women, since they are the homemakers and engage in numerous domestic responsibilities; therefore, retaining such women can be difficult unless favorable programs such as flextime are available. Some types of flextime programs may include telecommuting, which allows employees to work from some hours at home using a

Field trip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Field trip - Essay Example The road features supermarkets and roadside stations for travelers entering Blue Mountains via this method. At times, it is difficult to enter the Blue Mountains by road as there are many large vehicles which can hamper entrance and exit from the area, particularly tourist vehicles such as coaches and delivery vans for the many businesses in the area. Because of this factor, it is worth noting that the area is accessible by train and bus for those who don't wish to navigate the roads. The area is, however, very well signposted and this makes navigation from Sydney and beyond simple and finding routes between the individual attractions is also simple. Once in Blue Mountains, there are many different options for traveling around. There are dedicated buses and tours for tourists, as well as general public transport for city residents. There are also a number of scenic options; a walkway, a railway, a cableway and a skyway. These are all in place to provide great views to tourists. All o f these can be found in dedicated tourist maps online or in the information center located by the entrance to the Blue Mountains (see Appendix 1) On my trip to the area, I used the walkway and the Katoomba Scenic Railway, which is particularly notable for being the steepest railway in the world. As previously mentioned, the main point of this field trip was to see the Three Sisters, a famous sandstone rock formation in the area. The Three Sisters is part of an Aboriginal legend which suggests that three sisters from the local tribe fell in love with men from a neighboring tribe, something forbidden by tribal law. This led to a huge battle which resulted in the three sisters being turned to stone by an elder who was killed in the battle and unable to turn them back. Whilst this story itself perhaps is not a true example of Aboriginal legend, it adds a certain mystery and history to the area which is undeniable. It is possible to explore the area further by using the Giant Stairway, a nother major geological tourist attraction that leads to many of the nature walks that it is possible to undertake in the area. From a tourism point of view, the trip was well organized and enjoyable because of the sheer amount of information available both online and in the the local tourist office. It made the area easily navigable, and all the tourist attractions could easily by found using a map or one of the many tours and guides found in the area. This meant that much of the stress associated with traveling was removed, because there was no risk of being lost because of this useful signage and helpful staff and locals. From a personal point of view, the area was an example of breathtaking natural beauty and provided spectacular views as well as a lot of local history. Appendix 2 shows some of the views of the area. Literature Review As with any academic analysis, it is necessary to find theories and models to apply to the excursion to help fully understand the area and the tou rist potential. As previously mentioned, Blue Mountain is well signposted and has good transport links both to and within the area. This has been shown to be an important factor in increasing local tourism by the by the GJM council (2002). This study shows that giving good transport li

Literary Analysis Essay Example for Free

Literary Analysis Essay To write a good story, not only ideas take place. You need to use literary devices in order to provide a good story. The best mentor to look up is Sue Monk Kidd. She used a lot of literary devices in her story which is called The Secret Life of Bees. The three main literary devices which she used throughout her story are: epigraphs, character development and allusions. â€Å"Heat would make a person do strange things.†(112).Specially we see this when is described Lily’s hard life without the main person of her, without her mother. Since her mother died she is an orphan and her father doesn’t care for her even though she has her nanny that loves her. Not only she needs her mother to care for her or love her, but also she needs her in daily life to help her going through her childhood and teenage problems that every single person goes through. The most common literary device which you will see, while you read the book are epigraphs. This is shown in the beginning of every chapter, giving the readers many hints and some sort of warning of what might be happening in the story. This is an optional device which you choose to use. But it put epigraphs to give you clues on what she will talk next. This is one example: â€Å"A worker [bee] is just over a centimeter long and weighs only about sixty milligrams; nevertheless, she can fly with a load heavier than herself.† –The Honey Bee (257) The Secret Life of Bees. This foreshadows you that the main character who is Lily, a 14-year-old girl, is carried too much responsibility on her shoulders, about what she’s going through. Other device that develops ones story, being the most important device in my opinion, is the character development. It pictures the things that the character goes through and how they change throughout the story, most of the characters change a lot during the whole book .Character development explains every detail, until the final touch that that character goes through. We see the main character Lily develops so much through this story. In the beginning we see her as an innocent girl, which she does everything to find out more about her mother. Last but not least†¦allusions. Why is it important to put them in your story? Allusions as you know, is the reference of something that has happened in history,that everybody knows about. If you put them in your story, you make  your story real. You make the readers feel it, actually live it. Sue Monk Kidd uses allusions to help you understand what is going on in more details. That’s what you should do. Some of the allusions which are very important to be named is where the author put in THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT. This automatically touches your brain by telling you that this was in the 60’s and that the colored people where fighting to win their rights. Also adding, it brings you that feeling that you think you’re living in the story, being able to relate in anyone’s everyday life. Another allusion is the WAILING WALL which May writes on it every time somebody dies. In conclusion to this, Allusions help the story by allowing the audience to relate and apply these reasoning’s in their lives. Briefly explained, the three literary devices which would be good to include in stories are: epigraphs, character development and allusions. This brings your story to a point that the reader believes they are actually living the story, feeling every single detail of it. So, all in all, literary devices increase more use of detailed writing and allows people to understand what is going on.

Digitalization Evolution Of Digital Music Media Essay

Digitalization Evolution Of Digital Music Media Essay Digitization is defined as the representation of sound, image, object document or signal (usually an analog signal) by a discrete set of its points or samples. The result of this process is a digital format of whatever is being digitized. More specifically digitization is detaining an analog signal in a digital form. Evolution of Digital music Digital music production became famous few decades back. It was prompted because of less user friendly nature of analog music arrangement. Analog recordings had many pros like while recording analog saturation was introduced also during mastering and mixing processes and also helped to smooth the results of audio tracks but still the cons of analog recording was that it was very time consuming and there was fear of tapes being scratched or damaged as they were in physical form (Battino Richards, 2005). Digital music making was started in 1960s but the starting was not that great because the recordings sounded poor compared with analog and that was because the sampling rate they used was of low quality. It was not until 1978 when the optical readings were introduced which enhanced the quality of digital music and so the demand of digital music grew. In 1983 digital music was formally launched with compact discs and CD player which yielded fruitful returns and became very famous in the short time (Cohen Rosenzweig, 2008). The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the launch of recordable CDs which significantly dropped the price of CD players and CDs themselves and also created a new market for themselves and attracted many investors towards its creation. The demand for recordable CDs was high due to the fact that people could now not only buy music but also record it themselves and thus could have a bunch of their favorite songs in one CD. DVD technology was also the next invention and he nce digital music gained its strength and left analog music far behind. Then came the portable digital players in the late 1990s, with Sony launching digital player and Apple launching their iPods and then kept on giving new versions of their products. Hard disks becoming cheaper and introduction of flash drives has made the life easier for music lovers and hence with more space and portable drives digital music has gained its recognition worldwide (Earnshaw Vince, 2008). External portable hard drives have increased the amount of downloading from internet to increase by million times and hence now people can get their favorite song in their requested quality any time from internet. Implications Impact of Digitalization of Music Digital technology is embossed in music industry these days and is an essential part of it. Technology has done wonders in to every industry it has stepped in and has changed the whole structure of it and similar is the case with the music industry. The music which was hardly available in far flung rural areas is now available to them in just one click. It has changed the performances of singers; target market has changed from a few listeners to every music lover in the world (Colson Throp, 2010). It has made production more affordable and reliable and even more profitable. Advertising and promotion for music has become cheaper and approachable to masses through digital media and hence communicating your music to people has become easier. This revolution of digital technology advancement has, is and will keep on impacting the music industry. Some implications of digitization of music are: Recording Before the advent Digital Audio Workstation, all the stuff which can be done through computer i-e; mixing, mastering and sound adjustment required separate set of hardware devices to handle all this stuff and hence made the life of a musician hectic and troublesome. The hardware required now days is just a microphone and mixing board attached with a computer and the remaining activities like mixing, mastering sound adjustments etc can be handled through computer and the music can be fine tuned more easily then before. Computers allow the musician to recreate the studio environment with a minimum of additional hardware because mostly and this allows them to produce a high quality output, thus making the musicians studio more portable and easy to handle. Performance Musicians have been given a new way to perform on the stage, in the crowd in fact anywhere they want as they can carry their portable studio with them. Medleys can be made within no time with the help of software and Laptop computers and other portable forms of technology can bring a list of endless possibilities of performances that can be executed on a stage (Burkart McCourt, 2006). Real time effects can be added in performances by attaching guitars, keyboards and drums to computers and hence it makes live performances more attractive as musicians can perform on audience request at real time. DJs doesnt carry huge bucket of tapes to nightclubs because single simulation platform makes its possible for them to control the digital music in an exact same manner as they do with recorded music. Concerts can be filled with lighting and effects and also with real time changes in tones etc of the songs to make it more energetic and entertaining for youth. Selling and Distribution Evolution of internet has changed the whole scenario all-together in the music industry as it has opened a new medium to launch the music and access customers from all over the world. A song which took months to come to the market and then to final customers can now be uploaded on internet and can be sold immediately after it has been completed and is available to everyone in the world. Advertising or promotion has unlimited possibilities due to these social networks such as Facebook, Orkut, twitter etc. A musician can launch his promotion campaign on any of these networks and get recognized throughout the world and without paying expensive costs for that. Internet branding of music and selling has caused the musicians to save money and time as it was very hard work to make a physical copy of music and sell it to people in markets. MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) is a most common way to create never-ending collection of music through digital signals. MIDI controllers are usually build inside the keyboards but they can also be seen as simulated woodwinds, MIDI processing centers and velocity-sensitive drum pads (Battino Richards, 2005). MIDI keyboardist can create any sort of music of his liking using any instrument conceivable. Collaboration Musicians from all over the world can come on one platform with the help of internet and can discuss their new concepts with each other. This is the reason why we are seeing so many new songs which features multiple singing sensations; an example is the song I love the way you lie which features to singers who Akon and Rihanna and there are many other examples available. Rapid share file sharing has made it easy to transfer files to each other so musicians take benefit of facilities like these and collaborate to create a new sensational music which will rock the world. There are online music creation websites available too on which musicians from all over the world can come and collaborate without being physically present at one place and create music (Patrick McCourt, 2006). Contentious Issues and the Affect of Digitizing Music There are always both sides of technological change. Music industry has faced some real issues after the digitalization of music has taken place and these are: Pirate Websites Pirated websites allows the user to download songs for free and hence people dont really have to pay for the music they get to hear. This has created huge losses for musicians etc. Intermediaries Another problem which is faced by musicians is that the intermediaries which help users to locate free MP3 songs websites and etc. File sharing websites Websites like RapidShare, 4shared etc allow users to upload file and hence they can upload songs of their liking and people can download them without having to pay for them. The patents, illegal duplication of original songs and pirated websites are the biggest problems which are unresolved till date and hence they should be dealt with some reforms worldwide which will stop piracy of original music. Despite all these problems being faced by music creators, digitization of music has affected almost every music lover from musicians to listeners; it has opened new market for music and has led the music industry to globalization (Earnshaw Vince, 2008).

Marks And Spencer Employee Relations

Marks And Spencer Employee Relations Marks and Spencers has been one of the largest retail markets in the UK and the employee relations that exist within the company have both positive and negative aspects. Marks and Spencers employee relations have always been influenced by the conventional system of industrial relations. The company now has 65000 employees all around the world out of which 80% of the staff works directly on the sales floor. MS is amongst the top 6 retail suppliers in the UK and have extended their operations in 29 different countries. Most of the stores are mainly franchises but it also owns a huge number of stores in Hong Kong. The profit turnover of MS is close to 7.3 billion. MS not only caters to clothing but has also widened the market by offering other products that range from furniture to food and financial services. (Marks and Spencer, 2000) Initially there were problems and issues with the employee employer relationship and hence the company had to adopt a different employee relation approach. The company adopted some changes and principles within the management such as: Change in working hours Competitive rate package Employee discounts Pension schemes Bonus and extras (Yvonne, 2010) Change in work timings: With the introduction of Sunday trading in the UK, Marks and Spencer had to create flexible shift timings in order to work on Sundays. Most of the staff work 36-38 hours per week and currently some of the staff work more than normal work schedules. (Yvonne, 2010) Competitive performance related rate packages: The salaries are frequently matched with the market to keep up with the changes in the market. Employee discounts: The staffs and employees of Marks and Spencers receive a discount of 20% on all the purchase made. Pension: Marks and Spencers provide secure retirement benefits for its employees if they have worked in the company for more than a year. The company also provides additional health and dental care for its employees. They also provide SAYE for all the employees across the world. (MS, 2007) The company is not represented by any trade union. The employee relation of MS is taken care by the Human Resource Management (HRM) and it is closely aligned to the business objectives and strategies. The trade union in the UK is the most influential association for protecting employees rights. In 2001, Marks and Spencers had announced closing down stores in Europe especially Belgium, France, Germany, Portugal and Spain. The company had planned to close down some of the stores in Europe as a part of cost cutting measure which would help in saving 250 million GBP in 2006-07. The UNI commerce and the national trade Union had raised concerns and had tried to reverse the company decision as it had breached the laws. The Marks and Spencer staff members and the trade union had demanded to reverse the decision to close the stores in Europe and also to initiate and establish talks with the trade union. The trade union actions (TUC) had advocated Marks and Spencer to revisit and change some of the employment policies and practices. Currently Marks and Spencers are not under any governed trade unions. In 2005, trade union ` which mainly focuses on employee relations mainly in the retail sector had started campaigning and informing the employees and staffs of MS about the advantages that trade union can add and also serve the employees with vast knowledge. (Georgina,2006).To deal with these employee related issues, Marks and Spencer had hired a consultation company Business Involvement Group (BIG) (HRM in Marks and Spencer, nd) The stakeholders involved in the employee relations processes of the Organization: MS has always been known for having strong human resource strategies with the help of Human Resource Management (HRM).The HRM helps in laying down strong internal policies and procedures which helps in achieving business objectives of the company. The managers in MS are allowed to adopt appropriate strategies that will help in improving the companys productivity. MS HRM policies also help in contributing to commitment and loyalty of the employees. The HRM also initiated a new change in the company to help the employees and staffs change their attitude towards how they work and perform. Therefore, MS had commenced feedback sessions with its employees on the performance and the areas of improvement and these constant interactions with the staffs had helped the company in changing and developing new skills, increase competence and improve productivity. What is the orientation of the organization to industrial relations? If its not unionized, how does MS maintain communication with the employees? MS follows a sophisticated paternalistic approach which refuses to recognize any trade unions but they have strong internal HRM policies which will help in ensuring that all the employees goals and grievances are taken care of without the involvement of the trade union organization. MS also have a network of elected employee representatives known as BIG (Business Involvement Group) which aims at resolving issues that affect the employees. BIG provides an opportunity to voice their individual opinion, concerns and grievances. The employees also have a great opportunity to positively affect the organization by providing ideas which will help in improving the working conditions and the productivity of the employees. Every store across the globe has BIG representatives who are usually elected by their staff members to help the other employees resolve the issues. The national BIG aims at- Better communication between management and staff Continuous development of the employees BIG also aims at engaging the employees in discussing and debating the various changes that are required which can change the employees working condition and improve efficiency. MS also have a wide range of learning and development which helps the employees to grow with the company and also achieve their goals. (MS, Employee Handbook, 2009) How does MS handle collective grievances? MS procedure is available for all the employees to address any issues, grievances and complaints. Work well programme was also introduced in MS which help in creating and maintaining a productive and healthy environment. The grievance can be in any form such as workload pressure, employee employer relationship, roles and responsibilities, work stress, organizational environment or even personal relationship. In case, the complaint is with respect to a generic company policy, then the internal BIG will handle such issues. The employees line manager provides all the necessary information to the local BIG and the local BIG flags the issue in the common forum with the national BIG. If the issue is collective and if the complaint is common among other employees, the national BIG contacts the policy owner or the HR to revise the policy and a written response will be sent to the employees who had raised the grievance. MS believes in treating its employees with dignity and any form of discri mination or harassment will be dealt very seriously. The company has now 3500 BIG representatives covering all its stores. The company also provides workshops to the employees to help in performing the role better. (The Marks and Spencer WorkWell Programme, 2002) How does MS establish fair pay and conditions? The company is periodically audited which is part of the ethical trading initiative which helps the company, government, trade unions and human rights department. The company believes in providing good working conditions and fair rates of pay. Development of standards between the company and the employees suppliers help in achieving continual improvement for the business. The employees and staff working in MS are treated with respect and without violating the human right law. The company complies to the local governments regulations in the below areas- Working hours and working conditions Minimum age of employment provided Terms of employment Health and safety of the employees Free from discrimination Right to collective bargaining Rate of pay with par with the local labor law Regular checks in all production and sales sites are made periodically to ensure the working conditions of the employee are as per the rule (Ethical Trading ,2002) If MS is not unionized, how does it regard its relationship with the trade unions? The company has 80% of its employee workforce as women and the company now is 98% unionized in Ireland and there are 2 collective agreements with 2 different unions- MANDATE and SIPTU. The governing reasons for MS to have the company unionized are- Some of the management policies and procedures do not suit the local government as the culture of UK is not always compatible with the other countries. The conventional system did not help in the change strategy established by the business. Marks and Spencer are not affiliated with any trade union currently in the UK but many trade unions have been convincing the company to permit trade unions within its operations. The government has also been involved very closely with the operations of Marks and Spencer as it is one of the largest employers in the UK. M S has to comply with all the rules and regulations laid by the government. The company was also asked to submit a report on internal controls and risk management by the government and this had helped the company to detect some issues and obtain control. The company has also faced allegations from trade union called UNITE criticizing the employee relations implemented by the company. There have been a number of advantages for the employees owing to the partnership with the 2 trade unions in Ireland- Flexible working hours introduced for its employees to have a better work life balance. Profit sharing pension scheme has been introduced Better medical facilities available for its employees for free checkup Training and development in technical aspects, job analysis and problem solving areas which has helped employees improve their productivity and efficiency These changes have helped MS ensure a positive feedback in Ireland and as a result have also attracted number of candidates for employment. (Marks and Spencer, 2000) The problems in the companys industrial relations culture and practice? The company should allow its employees to join trade unions because the company can discharge a separate internal team BIG working on employee relations which is not very effective. MS also needs to realize that any decisions taken impact many of its own employees which can cause more fiction. The employee problems need to be addressed by a neutral governing body who are not affiliated to the company so that the employees problems are addressed and necessary actions are taken. The pension scheme established by the company has also raised concerns among employees. The company has not matched up the profits directly to the employees and the pension scheme introduced by MS was not taken well by the employees. The employee turnover is also high in Marks and Spencer as the employees are not satisfied with the working conditions, changes that take place within the organization and other factors. (MS, 2007) Recommendations: The company needs to introduce a knowledge management process which can be an advantage for the employees and the company. This helps the company to handle the jobs effectively and efficiently. The company should also allow the employees to join trade unions as the internal consultation system BIG is not effective on employee relations. BIG representatives do have the technical competence to handle issues put forward by the employees. (Brunes, 2004) MS definitely need to work on the employee relations area as the competition within the retail sector is high and the employees play a very important vital role towards contribution of a profitable company. Although the company provides a good remuneration package, refined human resource management strategies and good training development for its employees, the external factors such as constant unconstructive media reports and from the trade unions make it difficult for MS to provide good employee relations. (HRM in Marks and Spencer, n.d) To obtain a good employee relationship, it is very essential for the MS management to be involved. MS need to have the below HRM approach- Good management leadership to take necessary decisions Clear understanding of policies and procedures by the management to prevent any conflicts arising. Management should also consider the employee involvement in case of any change in process MS management should also build a good rapport with its employees by encouraging and motivating with rewards and recognition. MS should also focus on improving the interpersonal communication skills of all its organizational members. Well defined strategy and contingency plans in place to handle any unforeseen event. More employee participation in various events so that it helps in improving the responsibility and commitment. MS management to be more transparent with the policies and decisions made which will help in growth and development of the company (HRM in Marks and Spencer, n.d) CONCLUSION: MS have been very successful in implementing changes in a very effective technique. MS needs to build on its own strength and try to overcome the threats. MS needs to understand the work related issues and try to work on them. Work Well Programme has cited that one of the biggest issues in MS was the presence of good management. Literary References Brunes, B. (2004) managing Change: A Strategic Approach to Organizational Dynamics, London , Prentice Hall Ethical Trading (2002), [online], available from http://www.examstutor.com/business/resources/companyprofiles/marksandspencer/ethicaltrading.php [8th May 2010] Georgina Fuller (2006), Union Udsaw Seeks recognition at Marks and Spencer, personneltoday, 20th Oct 2006 HRM in Marks and Spencer,[online] Available from http://www.ivoryresearch.com/sample13.php [8th May 2010] MS (2007) Marks and Spencer to revamp final pension Scheme, accessed, available from http://www2.marksandspencer.com/thecompany/mediacentre/pressreleases/2007/fin2007-01-23-00.shtml [8th May 2010] MS, Employee Handbook (2009),[Online] available from http://corporate.marksandspencer.com/documents/specific/howwedobusiness/our_people/employeehandbook [8th May 2010] Marks and Spencer (2000) [online], available from http://www.ncpp.ie/dynamic/docs/markspencer_cs.pdf [8th May 2010] Stanley Chapman (2004), Socially Responsible Supply Chains: Marks and Spencer in Historic Perspective, Research paper Series: International Center for Corporate Social Responsibility, The University of Nottingham Staff Writer (2007) Marks and Spencer: Neat Pension fund arrangement , Insurance Business Review The Marks and Spencer WorkWell Programme (2002), [online] , available from http://www.resourcesystems.co.uk/Conferences/WorkWell%20Handouts.pdf [8th May 2010] UK Government (2007), Turnbull Report, available from http://www.frc.org.uk/corporate/internalcontrol.cfm [8th May 2010] Yvonne Miller (2010) An Analysis of Employee relations at Marks and Spencer, available from http://www.articleblast.com/Advertising_and_Marketing/General/An_analysis_of_employee_relations_at_Marks_and_Spencer__________________/ [8th May 2010]

Good Things About Oregons New Driving Law :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oregon’s new driving law is going to make a major difference The new law changes the ages of becoming a fully licensed driver. The new program goes in three steps instead of two like the current program. It works like this: When a potential driver is 15, he can get his learners permit. He must have a licensed adult with him at all times while driving. When he turns 16, he can get a license that only allows him to drive during the day and never with any other teenagers in the car when by himself. Then, when he turns 18, he can get a full license. The law is designed to foster the development of maturity in teens, , and the new law has worked successfully in other states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The new driving program is made to fit the maturity level of teens better than the current one. It gives teens a chance to learn to drive, but during the period of time in a teens life that causes, cuts out some of the most major distractions that cause accidents like night driving and when there are other teens in the car. This, many lawmakers believe, should help reduce the number of accidents and car-related deaths drastically. Many young drivers, like myself, hope it will help lower the price of insurance so that we will have a little more money in our pockets for the future. This is one reason why the new law is going to make driving safer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another big distraction eliminated with Oregon’s new driving law is the presence of other teenagers in the car. Studies have shown that the chance of an accident by a teen driver is greatly increased with the presence of teen passengers. The main theory behind that is that teens like to show off to their piers and in so doing so can kill them because of inexperience or plain stupidity. Many politicians, lawmakers, and drivers hope this will help eliminate a fair amount of the wreckless driving that takes too many peoples lives each year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another hopeful sign of the new law is that it has already been used in other states showing promising results. Car-related teen deaths and accidents dropped a significant amount in other states like Georgia and South Carolina. Many people are looking forward to seeing those same results here.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many teens don’t agree with the new law because they want to get their drivers licenses